Updated: 5th February 2020
When a company enters administration, its assets are usually sold on the open market or at auction. However, in a pre-packaged administration, the sale of assets is pre-arranged and sometimes a connected party who can be one or more of the directors of the insolvent company will be able to purchase some of the assets and transfer them to a newly formed company. This process is commonly referred to as “Phoenixing” because the new “phoenix” company “rises from the ashes” of the old business, a process comparable to the story of the mythical Firebird.
Although pre pack administration is a perfectly legal way for the owners and directors of a company to buy assets (i.e.- equipment, inventory, property, contracts, employees, etc.) of the old company for their new company. It is also an insolvency procedure that is frowned upon by many who believe that it can be used as an escape route for shrewd businessmen as it is seen as a way of writing off debts and merely starting again.
A pre-pack administration could be considered unlawful by the Court if the following criteria are not met:
Learn more about directors' duties while trading insolvent.
A pre-pack administration is only unethical if the directors of the company intentionally defraud or commit wrongful trading during the time the company is known to be insolvent. To understand more about the difference between an ethical pre-pack administration and an unethical one consider the following examples:
A company owner continuously borrows money against a line of credit knowing that he has no way to pay it back and no prospect of recovery. He attempts to execute a premature pre-pack administration in order to get out of paying thousands of pounds in debt, whilst still be able to retain the company's assets for a new company.
In the scenario above the company owner is potentially guilty of wrongful and fraudulent trading, and they're attempting to liquidate their own company and arrange a pre-pack sale voluntarily. Schemes like this can result in extensive penalties, including being personally ordered to contribute to the company's assets for the benefit of creditors and/or a directors disqualification ban.
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A company is going out of business and liquidation is imminent. Creditors are petitioning the court to wind up the insolvent company. The inevitable end result will be liquidation and total dissolution. However, since the assets would be sold in a liquidation there is still an opportunity for some of the company's directors or other parties to purchase some or all of the company's assets using their own personal funds. A pre-pack sale is arranged and the directors are able to offer to purchase the assets for a fair price (open market value or above) and can pay for them over a deferred period.
In the scenario above the company is already being put out of business and liquidation is inevitable, so there is nothing wrong with members of the insolvent company using their personal funds to collectively purchase some of the assets of the old company during an administration sale that would' have transpired anyway.
The sale of assets must be for the best price possible and the valuation agents opinion is crucial in this. A properly executed pre-pack administration sale is neither unfair nor unethical, which is why it is recommended as a solution by all reputable insolvency firms.
Our insolvency practitioners have been arranging and facilitating ethical and effective pre-pack administrations for years. If you'd like free advice call us our director's hotline on 0800 644 6080 or send us an email